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Chaconne

近日正在練習這首優美的樂曲 - Chaconne by Jeremiah Clarke (1673-1707),  旋律有點Canon in D 的影子,  所以對Chaconne 這種曲式感興趣, 並在綱上找來一些資料...






The composer: Jeremiah Clarke (1673-1707)

Jeremiah Clarke was born in London (ca. 1673) and died there in 1707. He studied with Henry Purcell and served in positions at Winchester College, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the Chapel Royal. His compositions include services and anthems, as well as a number of keyboard works. The selections from his music include two trumpet tunes, The Duke of Marlbrough's March and the traditional Prince of Denmark's March, both notated for a solo trumpet and freely edited for the use of contrasting registrations in the repeated sections. A Ground with Twelve Variations is a charming and transparent composition in the tradition of the ostinato and chaconne.


Chaconne

夏康曲式（英文：Chaconne； 意大利文：ciaccona； 西班牙文：chacona）主題以低音和弦構成，常組成一組變奏曲的形式，是固定的低音變奏或「頑固低音」Ground Base，與帕夏卡利亞（Passacaglia）相似，只是變奏方式不同。正因它也是利用Ground Base, 效果與Canon 有點相像.

巴赫的無伴奏小提琴組曲《第二帕蒂塔》的末樂章（作品第1004號）為《夏康舞曲》。

Chaconne is a musical form whose primary formal feature involves variation on a repeated short harmonic progression.

Frescobaldi, who was probably the first composer to treat the chaconne and passacaglia comparatively, usually (but not always) sets the former in major key, with two compound triple-beat groups per variation, giving his chaconne a more propulsive forward motion than his passacaglia, which usually has four simple triple-beat groups per variation. Both are usually in triple meter, begin on the second beat of the bar, and have a theme of four measures (or a close multiple thereof). (In more recent times the chaconne, like the passacaglia, need not be in 3/4 time.)

If we accept the distinction of a chaconne as variations on a harmonic progression, often this harmonic progression may involve a recurrent bass line (ground bass), but this bass line—let alone the chords involved—may not always be present in exactly the same manner, although the general outlines remain understood. The ground bass, if there is one, may typically descend stepwise from the tonic to the dominant pitch of the scale, or the harmony may emphasize the circle of fifths or a derivative pattern thereof.

One of the best known and most masterful and expressive examples of the chaconne is the final movement from the Violin Partita in D minor by Johann Sebastian Bach. This 256-measure chaconne takes a plaintive four-bar phrase through a continuous kaleidoscope of musical expression, in both major and minor modes.

After the baroque period, the chaconne fell into decline, though the 32 Variations in C minor by Ludwig van Beethoven belong to the form.

(Souce: http://www.frumuspub.net/abaroquesamplervol3contbrisl.htm; www.wikipedia.org)

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